OCEAN 510 PHYSICS OF OCEAN CIRCULATION (5) A Structure of ocean basins; physical properties of seawater and the equation of state; heat, salt, freshwater budgets; tidal potentials; Coriolis effect and geostrophic balance; major current systems and water masses; mixing, stirring in the ocean; simple waves; modern experimental methods.

OCEAN 511 PHYSICAL FLUID DYNAMICS (3) A Fundamentals of fluid mechanics, as a basis for understanding problems in geophysical fluid dynamics. Cartesian tensors, derivation of the Navier-Stokes equation, Bernoulli's equation and potential flow, dimensional analyses, introduction to mathematical approximation techniques, flows with rotation, effects of density stratification.

OCEAN 512 GEOPHYSICAL FLUID DYNAMICS I (3) W Large-scale dynamics of rotating stratified fluids, introductory fluid mechanics. Observed properties of oceanic, atmospheric circulation. Development of geostrophic flow, thermal-wind balance, velocity spirals. Potential vorticity, instability of large-scale flows, Ekman layers. Gravity, inertia, Rossby waves; ray theory, equatorial waveguide. Action, energy principles.

OCEAN 513 GEOPHYSICAL FLUID DYNAMICS II (3) Sp Theories, models of large-scale dynamics of oceans, atmospheres. Potential vorticity, Q principles; Rossby waves, ray tracing; Green's function, setup of general circulation; atmospheric "channels" vs. ocean "basins;" wave-mean flow interaction, mountain drag, internal momentum flux; "Lagrangian" motion of particles, tracers; cascades, eddy flux of heat, moisture, Q.

OCEAN 514 WAVES (3) Sp Wave kinematics: phase and group velocity, dispersion; governing equations. Waves in a homogeneous ocean: the Laplace Tidal Equations, including long gravity waves, Sverdrup-Poincare waves, coastal Kelvin waves, topographic Rossby waves, and planetary Rossby waves. Waves in a density-stratified ocean: equivalent depth and the vertical and horizontal structure equations; internal inertia-gravity waves including WKBJ scaling for variations in stratification, consistency and amplitude-energy relations, reflection properties, and Garrett-Munk synthesis; wind forcing; and equatorial waves. Waves in a spatially-varying ocean: turning points, ray tracing in a current, wave action flux conservation, and wave-mean flow interaction.

OCEAN 515 OCEAN CIRCULATION: OBSERVATIONS (3) W Modern large and mesoscale ocean observations, interpreted in terms of contemporary circulation theories. Spectrum of temporal variability; eddies and eddy fluxes; ventilation; advection and diffusion in the abyss; transport of heat and salt; climatic scale of variability; modern methods for determining circulation.

OCEAN 516 OCEAN CIRCULATION: THEORIES (3) Hydrodynamic theories concerning origin and characteristics of major ocean currents.

OCEAN 517 METHODS & MEASUREMENTS IN PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY (2) A (Alternate years) The principal instruments and experimental methods of modern Physical Oceanography. Devices and systems to measure pressure, temperature, electrical conductivity, sea state and velocity will be discussed in the classroom, and complete systems will be examined/operated in the laboratory.

APPLIED MATHEMATICS COURSES

Physical Oceanography graduate students are expected to take a sequence of three courses in Applied Mathematics. Normally, incoming students take AMATH 567, 568, and 569, but the AMATH 401, 402, and 403 sequence may be taken if deemed appropriate by the student's adviser and committee.